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VOLUME 2 , ISSUE 2 ( July-December, 2019 ) > List of Articles

Original Article

Risk Factor Profile, Clinical and Vascular Territory Involved in Patients of Stroke Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital in India Over 1 Year

Amit Sreen, Prafull Sharma, Vivek Guleria

Keywords : Brain ischemia, Risk factors, Stroke

Citation Information : Sreen A, Sharma P, Guleria V. Risk Factor Profile, Clinical and Vascular Territory Involved in Patients of Stroke Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital in India Over 1 Year. Journal of Medical Academics 2019; 2 (2):54-57.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10070-0037

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 03-09-2020

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2019; The Author(s).


Abstract

Introduction: Recent rapid socioeconomic changes have led to a concomitant change in people's lifestyle, leading to work-related stress and altered food habits which leads to enhanced atherosclerosis and strokes. Aim: To analyze the risk factor profile, clinical, and vascular territory involved in all patients of stroke presenting to tertiary care hospital over 1 year. Materials and methods: All cases of fresh stroke reporting, referred, or transferred to this hospital (within 2 weeks of ictus) who were more than 15 years of age were included. A detailed history was obtained regarding time and mode of onset of symptoms and risk factor details following clinical evaluation, patients underwent complete hemogram, blood sugar levels (fasting and post prandial), lipid profile, and other metabolic parameters. All patients were subjected to chest radiography 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) and two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography to detect cardiac abnormalities. Neuroimaging was performed in all in the form of noncontrast computed tomography (CT) head and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain, while magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) brain was carried out in selected cases. Results: Ischemic strokes were higher (77.4%) when compared with hemorrhagic strokes (22.6%). The maximum number of patients was in the age group of 51–60 years (37.15%). Males were more affected than females, both in ischemic as well as hemorrhagic stroke. The most common risk factor was hypertension (65.35%), followed by smoking (46.26%) and diabetes (21.05%). Alcohol usage was more significant in cases of hemorrhagic stroke (11.14%). More number of patients reported stroke symptoms on awakening in ischemic stroke. Anterior vascular territory was more involved (76.8%). Left hemiparesis was more common (62.05%), and aphasia was seen in 27.97% of patients. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory was most commonly involved (78%), and gangliocapsular region was most commonly affected (41.54%) Lacunar infarcts were seen in 22% cases. In hemorrhagic stroke, the basal ganglia was most commonly involved (56.17%), followed by thalamus (26.03%). Conclusion: Developing countries like India are facing burden of lifestyle diseases. Stroke is leading cause of death and disability in India.


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